Indirect Speech ( İngilizce'de Dolaylı Anlatım )

Indirect Speech (Dolaylı Anlatım)

Dolaylı anlatım iki kişi arasındaki konuşmanın üçüncü kişi ya da kişilere aktarılma­sıdır. 

1)    Düz tümceler

a)     Giriş tümcesi the simple present, the present perfect ve the future tense ise zamanlarda bir
              değişiklik yapılmaz:

"They are coming", He says they are coming.

"Your friend is ill." She will tell you that your friend is ill.

b)     Giriş tümcesi geçmiş zaman ise aşağıdaki zaman değişiklikleri yapılır:

"They work", (s. present) He said they worked (s. past).

"They are working", (present continuous) He said that they were working. (past continuous).

"They have worked", (present perfect) He said they had worked, (past perfect)

"They worked", (simple past) He said that they had worked, (past perfect).

"They were working", (past continuous) He said that they had been working, (past perfect
              continuous).

c) Adıllar da konuşmanın konumuna göre değiştirilir:

He said :               "I am doing my homework.

He said that he was doing his homework.

She said she was doing her homework.

She said:              "I saw the boy."

She said (that) she had seen the boy.

He said:                "My car is new"

He said his car was new.

He said:                "They helped us."

He said that they had helped them.

           d)Yukarıda sözü edilen (a) seçeneği dışında kipliklerin ikinci (past) biçimi kullanılır:

'I can swim.          She said she could swim.

He said he could swim.

'You may go         The teacher said we might go.

Not: would, might, should, had better, must genel olarak değişikliğe uğramaz.

c)  Zaman zarfları da değişir:

dolaysız (direct)                      dolaylı (indirect)

now                                                   then

today                                                 that day

yesterday                                          the day before (the previous day)

tomorrow                                          the next day

next week                                         the following week

this                                                    that

here                                                   there

Soru tümcelerinin dolaylı anlatımı:

a)     Yardımcı eylem ve kipliklerle başlayanlar:

Yukarıdaki değişmeler burada da geçerlidir. En önemli nokta He asked if/ he wanted to know if /
               whether gibi bir giriş tümcesiyle başlayıp kipliği düz tümcedeki yerine taşımaktır.

Örn.

'Can you swim?'                        He asked if I could swim.

'Will she come?"                        He asked if she would come.

May I open the door?                She asked if she might open the door.

Do, does, did ile başlayan sorularda durum değişiktir.

'Do you speak English?'            He asked if I spoke English.

'Does he speak English?'        He asked if the spoke English.

'Did he speak English?'             He asked if he had spoken English.

Burada do ortadan kalkar, ya da eylemle uygun zamana dönüşür.

b)    Where, when, why, what, who, vb. soru sözcüğü ile başlayan sorular için de yukardaki kuralların tümü
             geçerlidir, yalnızca if yerine soru sözcüğünün kendisi konulur:

'Where do you live?' He asked where I lived.                                 

'Why isn't she coming?' He asked why she wasn't coming. '

When will she come?' They asked when she would come.

'What are they doing? I asked what they were doing.

Dolaylı anlatımdaki tümcelerde soru tümcelerinin düzgün tümce biçimine dönüş­tüğüne, soru biçiminin ortadan
      kalktığına, soru sözcüklerinin bağlaç görevinde olduklarına özellikle dikkat edilmelidir.